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KMID : 1124020140300030059
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Korean Social Security Studies
2014 Volume.30 No. 3 p.59 ~ p.89
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The Reform of Social Security in France since 1980s - Strengthening the social minimum protection and increase of the State’s role
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Na Byong-Kyun
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Abstract
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the reform of French Social Security since 1980s. The contents and directions of the reform in France can be summarized as follow. First, the ``dualization of social security`` can be found in the level of social right. While the amounts and conditions of benefits in public pensionprograms have been obviously deteriorated, the right of medical security (e.g. sickness insurance benefits) and that of basic income (e.g. family allowances) have been enhanced. However, most of these benefits are based on the principles of selective welfare. Second, family allowance benefits in France had been traditionally universal. However, through several steps of reforms, the benefits whose eligibilities were limited to the poor and economically weak have been increased. Since 1990, the French family policies have been directed to support working mothers through work and family compatibility policies. Third, regarding the levels of social security financing, the proportion of social contribution has been reduced. Instead, the proportion of state tax has been rapidly increased up to more than 30% by the introduction of new types of taxes such as CSG, CRDS. Fourth, new types of benefits such as RMI which favors young unemployed and working poor peoplehave been stipulated in 1980s. The reform of 2007 has changed the objectives of benefits as well as title. The new RSA (i.e. Income of Social lidarity) was designed to protect work incentives of the target groups. Such new benefits of social security indicate the introduction of activation and social investment policies. The dualization of French Social Security systems does not mean the retrenchment of social right of Etat-Providence (French Welfare State) because the reforms have accompanied the improvement of social right for the poor and economically weak.
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KEYWORD
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CSG, France, Social Security Reform, Dualization, Social Right, CSG
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